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#D100bloggerPD's Book Study on Hacking the Common Core, Hack 10: Involve Parents- Clarify Their Role (with Parent Resources!)

Welcome back for another #D100bloggerPD crew book study! I like starting the book study posts with an introduction of the crew. We consist of an assortment of Berwyn South School District teacher and administrator learners who enjoy blogging, are smitten with social media and make use of our PLNs as an irreplaceable source of powerful content, hence the hashtag #D100bloggerPD. We devote ourselves to staying globally connected. The crew embraces change, strives to better ourselves professionally and desires to join forces with others to share what we learn because...together we are better!

This #D100bloggerPD book study is dedicated to Michael Fisher's Hacking the Common Core. To read the hacks already discussed in the book study thus far, click HERE. You will be able to access crew members' reflections and discussions leading up to this final post in the study.


Before I jump in, I must first say Michael Fisher is one of the most down-to-Earth people I've ever had the chance to meet virtually. He has been nothing but sensational throughout this book study, offering resources, commenting on crew members' posts and even taking the time to be part of the #D100bloggerPD #D100chat co-moderated by Kristin Richey and me. Click HERE for the Twitter chat Storify (Thanks, Leah!). He's extraordinary. #ThankYou



If you haven't already read Hacking the Common Core, I recommend you do. It's yet another invaluable book in the Hack Learning series. Just as Mark Barnes and Jennifer Gonzalez conveyed practical and user-friendly ideas and tools for each hack in their book Hacking Education, Michael Fisher dispenses solutions to problems that seem to go hand in hand with the Common Core. He "debunks the mythology surrounding the standards and provides amazing strategies that will help you bring fun back to learning, even in our standardized world (p.11)." I believe Fisher's hacks have the power to unlock student engagement and enlighten teachers and parents about the Common Core. Who wouldn't want that?
This post is dedicated to Hack 10, which is different than Hacks 1-9. It's slightly less geared toward just the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), but still delivers resources to support parents with them. Hack 10: Involve Parents- Clarify Their Role is more about teachers and administrators building positive relationships with parents (and the community), as well as informing them on their responsibilities in supporting their child's learning. According to Fisher, Everyone needs a seat at the table (p.114) when discussing the Common Core. In order to do this, teachers and administrators need to build significant relationships with parens and invite them into the CCSS discussion. 
If you're in the field of Education, you know how impactful it is for teachers, administrators and parents to collaborate and clearly communicate with one another. For this reason, it is beneficial for educators to resolve any confusion or sweeping misguided information parents may be faced with. Since the CCSS and their breadth can be overwhelming, parents may be unclear about their role. No longer can students just memorize and repeat information. They need to be able to analyze, discuss, synthesize and apply their learning to the real world, which is perhaps different than when parents attended school. Nevertheless, it absolutely makes sense. We have to prepare students for jobs that don't even currently exist!

As we know, social media platforms have become quite popular as a go-to place for information. Fisher states, 
With new tools like Twitter and Facebook, parents have found efficient and convenient ways to communicate their opinions about standards, schools, evaluations, and assessments. Some of the information has been accurate, but much of it has deteriorated into hearsay, conspiracy theories, and widespread misinformation (p.113).
Since this is the case, educators need to find ways to correct and/or prevent these types of roadblocks because fabricated hearsay has the ability to sour our efforts in joining forces with parents and building crucial connections. A former (now retired) colleague named Marilyn McManus always said, If you can predict it, you can prevent it. The image below is posted next to my desk at school and serves as a useful reminder in many life situations, but is also applicable to the CCSS.
Fisher mentions his colleague, Marie Alcock, and what she calls having a *culture of connection*, rather than a *culture of correction*. He states, 
If we were to focus on students and preparing them for the future, consider what would change in terms of our conversations. Perhaps our essential questions would center on invitation and collaboration. Perhaps instead of identifying roadblocks, we could figure out how to move past them (p.114).
With this being said, if we shape positive relationships with parents, it will establish the foundation for all other parent involvement. That's our goal, right? Preparing students for the future is going to take everyone's best efforts. Children are always the only future the human race has, so we need to be committed to building strong partnerships with everyone involved.
Involve Parents:
Fisher offers a handful of good practice tips on what educators can do (starting tomorrow!) to invite parents into the Common Core conversation:
  1. Believe that parents are on your team. Figure out how to engage them.
  2. Become a customer service specialist. Make positive calls home, including personal invitations to school events.
  3. Share your work. Transparency is a must-do. Show student-created work and successes. SHARE! I'm a huge fan of using Twitter to highlight classroom happenings and resources.
  4. Model the behaviors you desire. Administrators should model collaborative behaviors with the community at large the way they want their teachers to collaborate with parents (p.115).
After reflecting on these four good practice tips from Fisher, I feel the teachers and administrators in my school (and district) have been successful in our efforts to invite parents and the community into the schools. We provide a variety of ways to keep the community abreast of the happenings related to school events, as well as curricular decisions. 

Besides monthly opportunities to attend School Board meetings, we offer Parent University courses, in addition to monthly Parent Coffees, to communicate details regarding academic programs being implemented, measurement of student progress, standards-based grading particulars and more. Additionally, we have a Parent-Teacher Association and Parent Liaisons program where parents and community members are welcomed into schools to provide all types of support. Most recently, we had our very first Bring Your Parents to School Day, which was a huge success! 
Thanks for the pictures, Ms. Bailey!





































Our program called Watch D.O.G.S. (Dads of Great Students) and Super M.O.M.S. (Moms of Marvelous Students) has really sparked engagement with the parents in our school. Dads and Moms sign up to attend school on a particular day to help out in their child's classroom and throughout the building. We especially love when they make return appearances! We also offer opportunities for parents and community members to be Guest Readers in the classroom. Both of these programs are fun, informal ways to promote positive home-school relationships. 
As a Reading Specialist, I am particularly fond of promoting literacy. I love reaching out to parent volunteers to organize a date and time for them to be a Guest Reader in my classroom. The 3rd grader in the white Cubs shirt below (Go Cubs!) was thrilled to have his grandmother be a Guest Reader during his group time in my classroom. He was beaming with pride.
Clarify Their Role:
Since teachers and parents have an obligation to prepare kids for the real world, schools need to provide clear, consistent expectations of what their child should be learning at each grade level. Teachers need to be resourceful by providing parents with helpful information that better prepares them in supporting and reinforcing the skills defined by the CCSS. The CCSS help facilitate conversations between all members sitting at the proverbial table.

A vital component of student learning is what and how they learn at home, not just in a school setting. The CCSS define exactly what students need to know, so parents need to be in-the-know. The Instructional Shifts for Students and Parents resource below is from Fisher himself. He shared it to pass along for the book study. See what I mean? He's awesome. :) Click on the link or the image below to download a copy of your own to pass along to others. 
While doing additional CCSS research, I came across two further resources below to support parents. The first one outlines the CCSS Shifts in English Language Arts/Literacy and Mathematics, on top of explicitly informing parents what they can do at home to support their child in school. The resource was extracted from the Parent & Family Library on a site called EngageNY.   
The second resource I obtained is the National PTA's Parents' Guide to Student Success. It is broken down by grade level, sharing precise activities for both ELA/Literacy and Mathematics, and explains how parents can talk to their child's teacher regarding academic progress. Hope you find at least one of the three resources in this post helpful.
For further information on clarifying the role of parents in schools, as well as on any of the information found in Hacks 1-9, I highly suggest you buy, read, highlight and tab the book. In Michael Fisher's words, It's more of a 'practice informs better practice' book (p.15). I utterly agree. After reading this book, I am both enlightened and relieved about teaching and impacting student achievement with the CCSS. I will end this post with some first-rate tips from Fisher's Blueprint for Full-Implementation and Overcoming Pushback sections in Hack 10:
  • Plan events multiple times throughout the school year to share information about standards, curriculum, and assessment, and conduct panel discussions and question/answer sessions (p.116).
  • Clarify any concerns or questions the parents have (p.116).
  • Anything they {parents} are able to offer--showing up for a teacher meeting, participating in a school-wide event, joining the Parent Teacher Association, speaking at a board meeting, whatever it is--sincerely appreciate it and make that parent feel like royalty for contributing to the betterment of the school (p.116).
  • Also worth mentioning is that the Common Core is about divergence in thinking, not just the way the vendor or teacher is teaching. Students need multiple ways to solve problems, not just a predictable way (p.118).
  • Students can't "Think, Pair, Share" their way to successful creative problem solving in a job setting (p.119).
  • Teachers should be considering how they can become more contemporary in practice, whether these standards are impetus for change or not. We do not want a Race of Mediocrity, nor do we want a nation of compliance (p.125).
A sincere thank you for stopping by Literacy Loving Gals to learn more about inviting parents into the conversation surrounding the Common Core. When parents, teachers, administrators and the community band together for the betterment of students, everyone is the victor. 
Happy Hacking!

  



































"What's in the Bubble?" Reading Strategy from The Reading Strategies Book

If you have been following my blog, you know how fond I am of Jennifer Serravallo. She started her educational career as a classroom teacher and has become, in my eyes, one of the most genius literacy consultants and authors out there. On the very first page of The Reading Strategies Book, Serravallo states, "The strategies I've crafted in this book stand on the shoulders of decades of research and master teachers from whose work I've been fortunate to learn." Educators can't go wrong with teacher tested and approved strategies that are backed by research!

After spearheading a book study dedicated to The Reading Strategies Book last year, I have since fallen in love with the book over and over again. I routinely review it in search of support strategies for my struggling readers. I am never disappointed and often feel I've hit the jackpot of resources. If you own the book, you know exactly what I mean. My copy (above) is highlighted, dogeared and tabbed all over the place. 

Since I'm a Reading Specialist servicing a handful of grade levels, I have invested time in making mini charts for strategies my RtI students often need. Invested time, meaning I've photocopied the images from the book, sized them to fit in my mini tabletop pocket chart, cut them apart and laminated them. When they are in the tabletop chart, I have the ability to swap the strategy visuals out for the different groups. However, I also place large anchor charts of the strategies most of my kiddos need throughout my room
Let's forge ahead to the strategy called "What's in the Bubble?" found on page 167 in the book. This strategy falls under Goal 6- Supporting Comprehension in Fiction: Thinking About Characters. It is best used with students reading at Levels C through M and is focused on the skill of inferring. If students are to fully comprehend fictional texts, they need to better understand characters by being able to infer character feelings and traits. In Serravallo's words, here is how she explains the strategy to students:
We can pause and think, "What's my character thinking here?" or "What might my character be saying here?" Even when the text doesn't tell us, we can imagine, noticing what's happened so far. Pause on the page and put a thought or speech bubble above the character in the picture, point to the bubble, and say what the character might be thinking.
The student pictured below is in 3rd grade and is reading at a Level I. I service him one on one for various reasons. When asked a question, he often responds by reading the text, which of course isn't a true response because he's just reading words. For instance, if I were to ask, "What do you think is happening here on this page?", he would automatically begin reading the text without even trying to answer the question. Since this is the case, I modified the activity when working with him to better meet his needs. 
I first placed sticky notes over the text and had him just look at the pictures. I asked him "What might this character be thinking?" in various spots in the book as we flipped through the pages. We discussed his thoughts orally before I had him write anything down on the thought clouds using some of the suggested prompts below. After just looking through the book, I gave him four thought clouds and explained to him that he may begin reading, but throughout the reading he will need to stop to write down what the character on that page may be thinking. 
He did an amazing job with the activity and was able to write character thoughts that went well with the images. He loved the thought clouds and wanted to reread the story. (Yay!) To switch it up a bit, I had him remove the clouds from the correct page and jumble them up. He then reread the book while placing the clouds onto the page that correlated with the image. I was able to use "Yes! That thought matches with what's happened so far." from the suggested prompts below.
Overall, it was a successful strategy for this student. I'm pleased with the results. If you would like to try this strategy with any of your students, but don't own the book (Why don't you own the book?!), you will find the recommended student prompts Serravallo suggests below. 
  • What just happened? So, what might your character be thinking?
  • What words is your character saying in his or her head?
  • Before you turn the page, pause and think about what he or she would be thinking.
  • Put your thought bubble on that page.
  • That's what's happening. What might she or he be thinking?
  • Yes! That thought matches with what's happened so far.
  • Pausing there helps you think about what the character's thinking.
One last tip: For students reading at the lower levels (Level C, for example), Serravallo mentions using thought clouds on tongue depressors. Students may place them on the book pictures to orally tell about the characters' thinking, which can be done independently or with partners. The image below shows the thought clouds I created for my students.

Happy reading!

Live Twitter Chat with Michael Fisher, Author of Hacking the Common Core!

Hello! Have you read Hacking the Common Core by Michael Fisher? If so, do you have any questions you would like to ask the author himself? Are you on Twitter? 
If you've answered "Yes" to any of these questions, join the #D100bloggerPD crew on Twitter for the #D100chat. It's being held October 18, 2016 at 8PM CST. We will be discussing the Common Core with author, Michael Fisher. Even if you haven't read the book, feel free to peek in on the chat to learn more. Intrigued? I hope so! The questions are below. :)
Hope to see you virtually in the Twitter-sphere on October 18 at 8PM CST! 

Schedule Revealed for the Upcoming #D100bloggerPD Book Study on Hacking the Common Core

The #D100bloggerPD book study schedule for Michael Fisher's Hacking the Common Core is ready for reveal, so mark your calendars! Some gals in my school district have banned together and are excited to get things underway. The kickoff for the book study starts next Tuesday, October 4, 2016 on Reading and Owl of the Above. Each Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday during the month of October, a #D100bloggerPD crew member will post a reflection on their chosen *hacks* from the book. The book study culminates right here on Literacy Loving Gals, Tuesday, October 25, 2016.
Feel free to join in on the book study by hopping from blog to blog reflecting within the comments section. I will be linking up each of the crew's posts down below (and on my post coming October 25), so once the book study has been completed all links to the study will be in one place for easy access. 

Happy Reading!











Conference Recap, Part 3: Dynamic Mini-Lessons for Teaching Reading

Well, this post has been a long time coming.  If anyone out there has been waiting for my Part 3 recap of the Smekens literacy conference, I apologize.  I meant to get around to synthesizing my thoughts on the strategies discussed below much sooner than this, but I seemed to have suffered from partial *summer brain* during June, July and August. I say partial due to the fact I did find time to read a handful of fabulous professional literacy books over break, including Who's Doing the Work by Burkins and Yaris. Click HERE for my favorite quotes from this book that may change your mindset for teaching reading. :)

Anyway, now that school has once again started up, I've been swamped preparing my new room with flexible seating options, assessing new students and planning my RtI lessons. However, I must say I'm thrilled to be back in school to see all of the smiling faces in the hallway and my classroom. Nonetheless, I've finally made time to collect my thoughts on the literacy conference. I will pre-warn you this post is quite lengthy, but filled with useful tips. If necessary, save the post and read it in the edges of your day, as Donnalyn Miller would say. :)

As I mentioned in an earlier post, I was blasted with so many steadfast suggestions and innovative mini-lessons to better scaffold students, as well as grab and keep their attention, that I decided to break up the content of the literacy conference into three parts. If you'd like to access Parts 1 and 2, click the following links:
Now, onto Part 3: Mini-Lesson Ideas for Reading Strategies. This post offers ideas for Recalling, Retelling & Summarizing (as well as establishing the difference between the three), Determining Main Idea, Visualizing Ideas, Asking Questions, Making Connections and Synthesizing.

STRATEGY 1
Key Ideas & Details: Recall, Retell & Summarize
The order of communicating text information generally goes from recalling, to retelling, to summarizing. Want to know the difference between the three? Recalling is telling details from a text in any sequence. Retelling is an oral activity in which a student explains the main ideas of the text in his/her own words. Summarizing is similar to retelling, however, a student retells only the most important details/ideas in written form.  

Students in Kindergarten, First and Second Grades are usually the ones learning the art of recalling and retelling. Students in Third, Fourth and Fifth Grades are usually learning the craft of summarizing text. In order to summarize, students must be able to distinguish important versus unimportant details in a text, which can be tricky for some students.

Just so all primary teachers are aware, there is a HUGE DIFFERENCE difference between recall and retell. Recall can be accomplished with both fiction and nonfiction texts. Once students finish a text, they simply recall any details they can remember. As mentioned above, there is no specific sequence for the details when in recall mode. Teachers should always work first with recall to see if students can remember anything from the text. 

The use of an ABC poster during recall is appropriate for students in all grade levels, but especially practical for English Language Learners.  Teachers can support students in discussing the text by having them brainstorm anything they can remember, such as character names, vocabulary words, events, etc. Students (or teachers) write each recalled detail on a Post-It note and place the notes on the appropriate squares on the poster. For example, if you read the story A Bad Case of Stripes by David Shannon, you may write Camilla and place it in the C square and lima beans and place it on the L square, since those are details from the story.  Make sure to SAVE the Post-It notes for the retelling activity, which is discussed below.
To move from recall to retell, pull off the Post-Its from the ABC poster and have students sort and organize the details in order. This helps students match the sequence or structure of the passage. As a suggestion for nonfiction texts, also have students retell ideas using key vocabulary from the index of the book by saying, "What did you learn? You must use these 2 (3, 4, etc.) words from the index as part of your retell."  This forces students to show relationships between words in the text and makes them sound like experts! What kid doesn't want to sound like an expert? If you choose to have students use 2-3 vocabulary words for upper grade kids, it offers the possibility for them to make connections across the text and becomes a summary when written in a logical order.
Other mini-lessons to help students retell text information are Retell the 5Ws~ Who, What, Where, When, Why, the 5-Finger Retell for fictional texts, also known as Fist Facts for informational text, and Somebody-Wanted-But-So(-Then). Below is a resource for the 5Ws. If you click on the image, you can get a copy of your own for both informational and fictional text. I copied and laminated my cards to make them durable. They're so easy to pull out and use with students.


The 5-Finger Retell has been around for a while. It is useful for students when retelling story elements. For the kinesthetic learners, a garden glove decorated with the story elements to support retelling is always a hit. Students love putting on the glove and wiggling their fingers as they retell. My glove was purchased at Home Depot years ago and has held up nicely. Something so simple to make, yet so engaging! However, eventually, students need to move from the kinesthetic, oral retellings into written responses.
I'm sure there are a ton more ideas out there for retelling, but the last one for this post is the Somebody-Wanted-But-So and Somebody-Wanted-But-So-Then. This activity is in the form of a sentence frame that supports summary writing. It allows students to hone in on their summary writing skills, as Kristina Smekens would say. Make sure to reveal multiple examples to students before having them do it independently. One of my favorite SWBST charts is from Hello Literacy, and it's FREE. I use it often throughout the year with my RtI students. I have students place our brainstorming Post-It notes (what would I do without Post-Its?!) below the example on the colorful circles in the white area to help them draft ideas before having them work independently.
The SWBS and SWBST examples below are from the conference. 
STRATEGY 2
Key Ideas & Details: Determine Main Idea
Okay, moving on to Determining Main Idea! Have you ever asked a student what the main idea of his/her book is and been given a one word answer, such as "Sharks!"? Well, it's time to explain to students the main idea of a text is A SENTENCE that tells what the text is all about, not A WORD, which is the topic. The main idea is the unique angle or facet of information in a text. Students can write a one-sentence summary to describe the main idea, or identify in one or two words the topic of a text. It's crucial students know the difference between the two.

To reiterate the difference between topic and main idea, *talk numbers* because kids are always asking, "How many sentences do I have to write?" A topic has 1-3 words and is always in the main idea sentence. Make sure students know the main idea is one sentence containing the overall or most important point the author is making about the topic and that details are multiple sentences using text specific words and phrases that comprise the text. 
Here's an idea to try with your students. Using a book series, reveal how main idea is different than the topic. Since I work mostly with the younger students, I will use the Junie B. Jones series for my example, which was also a series brought up at the conference. However, you can pick any book series that is appropriate for your students or age group. For instance, explain to students that Junie B. Jones is the topic, and the title to each book is the main idea. For example, Junie B Jones is a Graduation Girl, Junie B. Jones is Not a Crook, Junie B. Jones is (Almost) a Flower Girl, Junie B. Jones Has a Monster Under Her Bed, etc. These texts identify the text's topic and its main idea within the title. 

Another mini-lesson idea is to find a picture book and cover up the title. Read the book to the students, then ask, "In one sentence, what is this book all about?"  Make sure the book has a main idea title, such as The Relatives Came, Miss Brooks Loves Books and I Don't, or a topic title, such as The Art Lesson. I own and love all three of these books! :) 

In regards to older students, it was mentioned at the conference to practice main idea versus topic with movie trailers or newspaper headlines. For example, have students watch the trailer for the movie Martian with Matt Damon. Ask students, What's the main idea? After some discussion, they'd come to the conclusion that the main idea is to bring Matt Damon home. When using newspaper headlines, find newspapers the day AFTER an event. (Other options for online resources are NewsELA and Time for Kids.) Bring in articles of the same topic, such as the Superbowl. Take off headlines and have students match which headline fits best with each article. Don't have them guess. Have students infer by asking them, WHAT do you know? HOW do you know? I made and use a stop sign as a visual to help students. Feel free to download a copy.
As a teacher it's important to ask yourself, "Have I made sure I've done enough to differentiate topic versus main idea for the students?" If students can't tell you the main idea of a small paragraph, then they certainly can't tell you the main idea of a chapter book or extended story.  As kids get older, the text MUST get longer. Check out the book The Kid Who Invented the Popsicle. I recently purchased this book and can't wait to try it out with my students this year.
Each chapter is a topic- one word- that is accompanied by a short passage detailing the topic. See the examples below. Try having students read about a topic and then create a single sentence main idea statement.


Last tip for Determining Main Idea: Always teach Fables before teaching Theme. Teachers need to get kids thinking about the moral or lesson of a story first. Students need this background information before they are able to understand theme and main idea. Since theme is always rooted in the characters, it's also important to ask students, What did we learn from this character's actions/choices/experiences to help support the theme of the story? As an example, you may prompt students with: What caused the change? (Students may respond, "The father died.") Why did he change? ("He had to take care of his family.") What can we learn from the character? ("To take responsibility when necessary."). If you're interested, I have a TPT product in my store called Making Inferences About Characters Using Dialogue, Actions, Thoughts and More that nicely accompanies this mini-lesson. It comes in small poster and individual size, as well as in color and black/white for those who want to save on color ink. :)
STRATEGY 3
Craft & Structure: VISUALIZING IDEAS (p.15)
Do you have students who struggle with visualizing ideas from a text when reading? If so, they may need a *trigger object* like these fun sunglasses below. I got them at the Dollar Tree, which means they were only $1.00 per pair! 
Kristina Smekens recommends using the cutouts below on each lens to reiterate to students they won't actually SEE anything, but need to IMAGINE details from a text, especially texts with few or no pictures. However, it's best to introduce visualization by making up different scenarios not related to a text, at first. Let students practice visualizing or imagining before trying the strategy using the text.  When working with my own kiddos, I make sure to let them know their visualization drawings may look slightly different than their peers because everyone has different schema and that's okay!
After a bit of practice and once you've created the sunglasses as your concrete trigger object, teach the students the secrets of HOW to visualize a text. Explain that the secret lies in noting nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. For example, students draw nouns, adding lines to show movement, and color or size because of what it stated in the text. Further text details may cause students to change their drawings. 

For instance, let's say you read a book about a dog and have students draw a dog (without seeing any pictures from the book).  Then you add the detail *the big, brown dog*. These details may have caused students to change their visualization from a small, white dog they may have imagined at first. Get it?  Here's another example. Maybe you introduce the topic "The Underground Railroad" to your students. You may see students start sketching trains at first. However, when you start reading about the Underground Railroad, hopefully, their visualization drawings get altered. 

This strategy is known as Sketch-to-Stretch or Sketch-Noting and supports students in stretching their understanding of a text.  Tip: Don't put up examples of your own at first.  Kids don't always think if you put up examples...they copy. If kids sketch note images of their own, they take ownership of their notes. That's exactly what teachers want, right? 

Storyboarding ideas using a graphic organizer is another way to see what kids are thinking. Have students sequence the story in each box to create something similar to a timeline. Teach students, if two things happen at the same time, students need to split the boxes in half. Each box shows a progression of students' thoughts. Remember, a paper-pencil version of storyboarding isn't necessary. You can always use whiteboards, or better yet, if you have access to technology, try apps available for students to sketch their thinking!
Need a mini-lesson idea to support students in visualizing character traits? Try using the books The Way I Feel and The Way I Act. These books can aid in students understanding of how to distinguish character feelings versus traits. 
Explain to students character feelings are fleeting or come and go, but traits are tried and true. Practice having students root the traits in evidence to support evidence-based responses. 

Furthermore, make sure to treat trait vocabulary just like any other vocabulary by connecting known words to the unknown and by acting out or drawing vocabulary words. It's important to intentionally teach trait vocabulary words by grade level. Unfailingly, start teaching the traits by reviewing the previous grade level's words, then build on. That's what gets the vocabulary to stick with the students. 
STRATEGY 4
Craft & Structure: ASK QUESTIONS 
Readers who ask questions before, during and after reading are actively engaged and tend to remember necessary details and particulars about a text. Hence, it's crucial we get all students into the habit of asking questions. A way to introduce Asking Questions is by adding a little #tlap to your lessons. If you're unfamiliar with the term #tlap, it stands Teach Like A Pirate, which pretty much means getting creative when planning your lessons to spark engagement. Start the procedure of Asking Questions without a text. Use an image or something even more concrete, like the example below. 

Set out a wrapped gift box, but don't say anything about it. As a suggestion, pick a *shirt* box because students, most likely, have preconceived notions about that type of box. See what happens. Knowing how curious kids can be, your students WILL ask about the gift. Without saying a word, start writing their questions down. If students come up with a statement, such as "It's a shirt", change it to a question: "Is it a shirt?"

After a bit of time has passed, open the gift box. Let's say the box contains cookies (MmmMmm, yum). Once students find out the box contains cookies, for example, continue to write down their questions for a few additional minutes. For example, "Who made these?", "What kind are they?", etc. Then, say to the students, Today's text was this present. You had 40 questions about this text. By the time we were done with this present, we answered all of these questions. Once you've practiced with Asking Questions WITHOUT a text, try using these books, Grandpa's Teeth and Train to Somewhere, which bring about great questions!  
After identifying questions and writing them down on Post-It notes (before reading), place each question on the answer in the book for *right there* types of questions while reading. Continue to generate questions during reading.

Have you ever heard of Prop Predictions? They are a tried and true motivator to get students to ask questions and make predictions. To plan for Prop Predictions, teachers gather at least 3 props, but no more than 5, that can fit into a bag and nicely accompany a particular book you have in mind for the students. Make sure to show students nothing in the book or even tell them about the title. Only show the props to get students to start questioning. 
For instance, you may pull out file, wrench and toothbrush as your *hook* to get students questioning. After some discussion, students find out they'll be learning about history of dentistry. 

To further explain, here is a primary example. Say to students, "We are reading a text today and it has something to do with an apple, guest restaurant check receipt, and a feathered boa. Any predictions on what we'll be reading about?" Allow students to make predictions and continue to change them based on props shown. After all predictions are made, say "We are reading a Fancy Nancy book today! She is trying to teach her family to eat more healthy at the restaurant. Let's see what happens in the story."  Fun stuff, right? If you click on the image below, you'll be able to access a list of elementary, middle, and high school prop examples.  :)
STRATEGY 5
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas: MAKE CONNECTIONS 
As we all know, schema is important when reading. However, we need to get students to make connections *inside the four corners* of a text to help them understand the author's ideas, not just make *outside of the text* connections. 
When students make text-to-world connections, it doesn't necessarily mean connections only to current events. It encompasses worldly knowledge, as well. Students get a ton of their *worldly knowledge* from TV and movies, and some of their knowledge is very inaccurate. They learn new (possibly more useful or true) knowledge when they are involved in reading. When talking about connections, it's important to know, connecting a written text (book, magazine, article, etc.) to a visual (image, video clips, movie, etc.) is considered a multimodal text comparison, but is still text-to-text connections. (Interested in more information on multimodal texts? Check out a previous post I've written HERE.)

Want quick strategies or mini-lessons for text-to-text connections? Try this: Any book you know the students read the previous year that has a movie version, reread an excerpt of the book and then play an excerpt of the movie...not the whole movie. Make sure the excerpts have differences, so students can still make connections between the two, but also discover differences. For instance, compare and contrast the book Lon Po Po to the movie Little Red Riding Hood or the book Rough-Faced Girl to the movie Cinderella. Ask students, "Did the movie director or movie stay true to the text?"  

Besides the fact watching the full movie version of a book is a waste of precious class learning time, think about how students act when they hear, "We'll be watching a movie today."  They instantly start shouting, "Yay, we're watching a movie! Where's the popcorn?" Students have no intention on taking notes, citing evidence or making inferences when they hear *movie*. Kristina Smekens mentioned, 
"While most of us may be guilty of showing students an entire movie version after we've finished a book, let's consider a more powerful option for using {a} multi-modal text. Instead, provide students the same opportunity to make text-to-text comparisons by revealing movie clips while reading the original text."  
Teachers must clarify expectations for video clips being multimodal texts. This is what students see on a standardized assessments...video clips, not full-length feature films! Click the image below or the link to access a copy of book and video clip suggestions for elementary through high school levels. 
Kristina Smekens also commented on how she'd like to "BURN Venn Diagrams!" This made me laugh, but I also see her point. She claims it is too difficult for students to use. When comparing in a Venn Diagram, there is no connection, organization or parallel events. Students usually fill in random facts.

What should you use instead? T-Charts are recommended, but the secret is to GIVE students the categories or features of comparisons. For example, students can compare characters, settings, perspectives, etc. when comparing texts. Have students brainstorm the same category for text A and text B. 
STRATEGY 6
Integration of Knowledge & Ideas: SYNTHESIZE 
To achieve synthesis, a person combines what he/she knows (or thought he/she knew) to recently developed knowledge. This is known as the *Ah-ha! Moment*, which gives a person a better understanding of something. He/She can see the bigger picture of a topic or the significance of something. Synthesis can not be forced. It just happens for some kids. Sometimes it causes a change in what they think or makes them think differently.  

The example given at the conference focused on a contestant on American's Got Talent. Remember Susan Boyle?

It seemed as if everyone's face in the crowd brought in preconceived notions or predictions of what she could offer to the show. They doubted her talent because of her looks. However, when Susan Boyle began to sing magnificently, it brought synthesis. It changed what everyone in the audience thought about her. This is synthesis. Way to go, Susan Boyle!
Synthesizing is a higher-order thinking skill and requires explicit direction and modeling for students to be successful. For students to synthesize ideas, it's recommended teachers model how to facilitate text-based conversations, to collect textual evidence from multiple texts and to support arguments with textual evidence.  

Facilitating Text-Based Conversations:
To assist students in facilitating text-based conversations, try the Fishbowl StrategyAccording to Smekens, 
"The fishbowl conversation allows all students to be privy to the same conversation but encourages the intimacy of small-group conversations. When utilized in conjunction with reading, it provides a great opportunity for students to share their thinking. 
When students share their thinking and are truly engaged in meaningful conversations with peers, it can lead students to synthesize their new learning.

Collecting Textual Evidence from Multiple Texts:
In regards to collecting textual evidence from multiple texts, the goal is to gradually scaffold students up towards more complex texts. Design lessons to assist students in explaining how authors use reasons and evidence to support their points. Make sure to use evidence from two separate texts on the same topic, and remember to break out the multimodal texts!

Smekens recommends teaching students to read multiple texts using the organizer below for support. Titles on similar topics are documented in the center column. She states, "Based on the differing perspectives, students can then cite specific textual evidence from each article on the left (Perspective A) and right (Perspective B) columns." 
Support Arguments with Textual Evidence:
To get students to support their arguments with textual evidence, try using a simple formula that ensures all the necessary elements are included, such as *Yes, MA'AM*. I purchased the poster below at a previous Smekens Conference last year. Click the link above to purchase your own poster. 
The mini posters below can be held up during classroom discussions to prompt students to back up their constructed responses. Another option (shown at the conference) is to create large prompts for students to refer to when constructing their responses.
Well, there you have it. Phew! Hope this information is useful to someone out there. If you're on Twitter or Instagram, I'd love to expand my PLN. Let's connect! Thanks for stopping by my blog. Hope you learned something new.

Have a great week!
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